동북 대학-2

동북대 -2

1. 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하라.

Vision researchers-along with photographers-have known for decades that faces in photographs or on TV screens are nearly impossible to identify when light and dark are reversed. But why that's so is not well understood. Curious about the difficulty of interpreting negative images, Stuart Anstis, a psychologist, decided to enter a negative world. He connected a set of goggles to a video camera that reversed black and white and converted colors to their complements-green to purple, yellow to blue, and so on-then put them over his eyes. For three days, Anstis saw nothing in positive. He removed the goggles at night. (A)The experiment was a variation on earlier studies by researchers who had worn glasses designed to turn the world upside down. They had found that a surprising degree of adaptation occurred : somehow the visual system compensated, put things right, and allowed a person to function. Anstis wanted to find out if (B)the same thing would happen when he traded black for white.

Through the goggles, the center of his friend's eyes became white ; the light glinting off the outer edges appeared black. "I went on falsely seeing the outer part as the center," Anstis says, "so I constantly misread people's eye movements." He could never be quite sure when they were looking at him. (C)By daylight- when the sky was a very dark yellow, almost black-a woman's sharply outlined shadow, now rendered in white, looked like a paper cutout or even another person. Fuzzier shadow-cast by a hand held over a table, for instance-translated into a vague, fearful glow.

Objects were no easier to deal with than people. Meals in complementary colors-blue scrambled eggs, for instance-became very unappetizing. Outdoors, sunlight converted to shadow made a flight of stairs a dangerous experience. "I lost my sense of reality, as if I'd been up too late," he recalls. Then, (D)he felt as if his other senses were taking over his consciousness, to compensate for the lack of meaningful visual input. The scent fo a laundry room, for instance, became remarkably intense.

Vision is more than recording what meets the eye : it is the ability to understand, almost instantly, what we see. And that happen in the brain. It has to guess at the true nature of reality by interpreting an overwhelming amount of visual information. Anstis's experiment reveals that (E)the brain is programmed to use brightness as it is ni the real world. That means shadows are always darker, and light comes from above. A negative world destroys those basic assumptions.

문1) 밑줄 친 (A), (C), (D)를 해석하여라.

A) .....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

C) .....................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

D) ......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

문2) 밑줄 친 (B), (E)의 내용을 구체적으로 설명하여라. 단, 마침표도 글자 수에 포함되고, 각각 40자 이내로 한다.

B) .....................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

E) ......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

2. 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하라.

Americans, as a rule, have never had much real comprehension of Japan. For many Americans, Japan remains a place full of cars and gold and a country that was a military rival fifty years ago. In a word, ignorance of Japan remains high. Moreover, interest is low. Most Americans simply do not pay much attention to their Pacific partner.

An indication of the extent of this ignorance can be found in a 1982 poll. It revealed that only 57% of American citizens knew that Japan had a free election system. A full 34% believed that Japan was not an island, but instead was located on the Asian continent. A surprising 47% agreed with the view that Japan was "still a feudalistic society, bounded by old traditions and customs."

That is not to say that Americans did not have thoughts about Japan. As the 1980s unfolded, American images of Japan became more informed and unified around an economic image. A 1978 poll placed "industry/products" as the second-most powerful image of Japan(22.6%). More tellingly, seven out of the top ten categories in 1990 concerned trade or economic images. This is compared with only five of ten categories in 1978.

Perhaps because of the association of Japan with economics, Americans have begun perceiving Japan as a rival : an astonishing 80%, according to a 1991 poll. When compared with the Soviet Union-yesterday's evil empire-Japan was perceived as the greater threat : 72%, to the Soviet Union's 20%.

Despite a heightening tendency to associate Japan with economics and engage in "Japan-bashing," American public attitudes toward future Japanese U.S. relations remain positive. By a 2 to 1 margin, Americans respond that the economic relationship between the two nations will improve. This stands in stark contrast to their Japanese counterparts, whose pessimism over the last decade has deepened. Positive evaluations are now about equal with negative ones.

Although Americans appear to harbor contempt toward Japan on economic measures, there has been a consistent belief that the country should remain loyal to and supportive of Japan on military matters. This stands in contrast to Japanese respondents who believe that America will not remain faithful. on this account, American are more optimistic than Japanese. Whichever attitude prevails could hold the key to the future stability and harmony of U.S. Japanese relations.

문1. 아래 (1)~(7)의 영어로 된 물음에 대한 가장 알맞은 답을 각각 a~d에서 하나씩 선택해라.

(1) In the text an ｅxpression was given for the Soviet Union. It was :

a. an evil empire b. Pacific partner. c. a military rival. d. a faithful servant.

(2) From the list below, what would be the best short description of this text :

a. American images of Japan and the USSR.

b. The reason for declining American approval of Japan.

c. American attitudes toward Japan.

d. Japanese attitudes toward America.

(3) Which of the following facts was not expressed in the text :

a. About 60% of the Americans questioned knew that Japan had a free

election system.

b. one third of those questioned believed that Japan was attached to the

Asian continent.

c. 63% of those questioned believed that Japan was American's chief rival.

d. 47% of those questioned felt that Japan was still a feudalistic society.

(4) In the text, which of the following images about Japan was not listed by

Americans :

a. cars. b. gold. c. industry. d. a Pacific partner.

(5) Which of the following facts from the text least supports the idea that the

relationship between the two countries is worsening :

a. Americans believe that Japan is their new chief foreign rival.

b. Japanese believe that America will not remain faithful to them militarily.

c. Americans believe that the ecomomic relationship will improve.

d. Japanese believe that the economic relationship will worsen.

(6) In the first paragraph the word "feudalistic" appeared. Which of the following

words could not be associated with this :

a. not possible. b. not sophisticated. c. traditional. d. rural.

(7) Which word, when placed in the blank, do you think best completes the title

of this passage : "the .......... U.S.-Japan Relationship"

a. Harmonious. b. Future. c. Uncertain. d. Information-based.

3. 다음의 밑줄 친 (A), (B), (C)를 영작하여라.

(A) 마츠시마는 센다이로부터 자동차로 불과 1시간 걸리는 유명한 관광지인데, 관광철에

이곳을 방문하려는 사람들은 자동차로 가지 않는 것이 좋다. (B) 도로의 정체가 심 하여 도착하기 전에 지치게 될 수도 있다. (C) 정체의 원인은 그곳 중심에 주차장이 부족해서 주차하면 안 되는 자동차가 도로에 가득하기 때문이다.